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make charcoal

  • 1 make into charcoal

    mengarangkan

    English-Indonesian dictionary > make into charcoal

  • 2 you cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear

    syn: what is bred in the bone will come out in the flesh
    ≅ з нічого нічого не зробиш барвінок на вінок, а полин на віник і з великого віслюка не буде слона віслюк від стусанів конем не стане

    English-Ukrainian dictionary of proverbs > you cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear

  • 3 you cannot wash charcoal white

    you cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear

    English-Ukrainian dictionary of proverbs > you cannot wash charcoal white

  • 4 Dudley, Dud

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1599
    d. 25 October 1684 Worcester, England
    [br]
    English ironmaster who drew attention to the need to change from charcoal to coal as a fuel for iron smelting.
    [br]
    Dudley was the fourth natural son of Edward Sutton, fifth Baron Dudley. In 1619 he was summoned from Balliol College, Oxford, to superintend his father's ironworks at Pensnet in Worcestershire. There had long been concern at the destruction of the forests in order to make charcoal for the smelting of iron ore, and unsuccessful attempts had been made to substitute coal as a fuel. Finding that charcoal was in short supply and coal plentiful near Pensnet, Dudley was stimulated by these attempts to try the process for himself. He claimed to have made good, marketable iron and in 1621 his father obtained a patent from the King to protect his process for thirty-one years. After a serious flood, Dudley moved to Staffordshire and continued his efforts there. In 1639 he was granted a further patent for making iron with coal. Although he probably made some samples of good iron, more by luck than judgement, it is hardly possible that he achieved consistent success. He blamed this on the machinations of other ironmasters. The day that King Charles II landed in England to assume his throne', Dudley petitioned him to renew his patents, but he was refused and he ceased to promote his invention. In 1665, however, he published his celebrated book Metallum Martis, Iron Made with Pit-Coaky Sea-Coale…. In this he described his efforts in general terms, but neither there nor in his patents does he give any technical details of his methods. He implied the use of slack or small coal from the Staffordshire Thick or Ten Yard coal, but this has a sulphur content that would have rendered the iron unusable; in addition, this coal would not have been suitable for converting to coke in order to remove the sulphur. Nevertheless, Dudley recognized the need to change from charcoal to coal as a fuel for iron smelting and drew attention to it, even though he himself achieved little success.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    H.R.Schubert, 1957, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry AD 430 to AD 1775, London: Routledge \& Kegan Paul.
    W.K.V.Gale, 1967, The British Iron and Steel Industry: A Technical History, London (provides brief details of Dudley's life in relation to the history of ironmaking).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Dudley, Dud

  • 5 stick

    stick [stɪk]
    bâton ⇒ 1 (a)-(c) canne ⇒ 1 (a) baguette ⇒ 1 (a) morceau ⇒ 1 (b) crosse ⇒ 1 (c) critiques ⇒ 1 (e) planter ⇒ 2 (a) enfoncer ⇒ 2 (a) mettre ⇒ 2 (b) fixer ⇒ 2 (c) coller ⇒ 2 (d), 3 (b) supporter ⇒ 2 (f) se planter ⇒ 3 (a) se coincer ⇒ 3 (c) rester ⇒ 3 (d)
    (pt & pp stuck [stʌk])
    1 noun
    (a) (piece of wood) bâton m; (for kindling) bout m de bois; (twig) petite branche f, brindille f; (walking stick) canne f, bâton m; (for plants) rame f, tuteur m; (drumstick) baguette f; (for lollipop) bâton m;
    ∎ gather some sticks, we'll make a fire ramassez du bois, on fera du feu;
    ∎ she had legs like sticks elle avait des jambes comme des allumettes;
    ∎ I'm going to take a stick to that boy one day! un jour je vais donner une bonne correction à ce garçon!;
    ∎ figurative the threat of redundancy has become a stick with which industry beats the unions pour le patronat, la menace du licenciement est devenue une arme contre les syndicats;
    ∎ his behaviour became a stick to beat him with son comportement s'est retourné contre lui;
    ∎ to get (hold of) the wrong end of the stick mal comprendre, comprendre de travers;
    ∎ you've got (hold of) the wrong end of the stick about this business vous avez tout compris de travers dans cette histoire;
    ∎ to get the short or dirty end of the stick être mal loti;
    ∎ she got the short or dirty end of the stick as usual c'est tombé sur elle comme d'habitude;
    ∎ proverb sticks and stones may break my bones (but words will never hurt me) la bave du crapaud n'atteint pas la blanche colombe
    (b) (piece → of chalk) bâton m, morceau m; (→ of cinnamon, incense, liquorice, dynamite) bâton m; (→ of charcoal) morceau m; (→ of chewing gum) tablette f; (→ of glue, deodorant) bâton m, stick m; (→ of celery) branche f; (→ of rhubarb) tige f
    (c) Sport (in lacrosse) crosse f; (in hockey) crosse f, stick m; (ski pole) bâton m (de ski); (baseball bat) batte f; (billiard cue) queue f de billard; (in pick-up-sticks) bâton m, bâtonnet m, jonchet m
    ∎ a few sticks (of furniture) quelques vagues meubles;
    ∎ we don't have one stick of decent furniture nous n'avons pas un seul meuble convenable
    (e) (UNCOUNT) British familiar (criticism) critiques fpl □
    ∎ to take a lot of stick (to be criticized) se faire éreinter ou démolir; (to be mocked) se faire chambrer ou charrier;
    ∎ to give sb stick (for sth) (criticize) éreinter ou démolir qn (à cause de qch); (laugh at) chambrer ou charrier qn (à cause de qch);
    ∎ the police got a lot of stick from the press la police s'est fait éreinter ou démolir par la presse;
    ∎ he got a lot of stick from his friends about his new hairstyle ses amis l'ont bien chambré ou charrié avec sa nouvelle coupe
    (f) esp American familiar (joystick) manche m à balai□ ; (gear lever) levier m de vitesse□
    (g) Military (cluster → of bombs) chapelet m; (→ of parachutists) stick m
    ∎ a dry old stick un pince-sans-rire;
    ∎ she's a funny old stick c'est un drôle de personnage;
    ∎ she's not a bad old stick, she's a nice old stick elle est plutôt sympa
    (i) familiar (glue) colle□ f; (stickiness) pouvoir m adhésif□
    ∎ to be up the stick (pregnant) être en cloque
    (a) (jab, stab → spear, nail, knife) planter, enfoncer; (→ needle) piquer, planter; (→ pole, shovel) planter; (→ elbow, gun) enfoncer;
    ∎ he stuck his fork into a potato il a planté sa fourchette dans une pomme de terre;
    ∎ she stuck the spade into the ground elle a planté la bêche dans le sol;
    ∎ don't stick drawing pins in the wall ne plantez pas de punaises dans le mur;
    ∎ there were maps with coloured pins stuck in them il y avait des cartes avec des épingles de couleur;
    ∎ I've got a splinter stuck in my finger je me suis planté une écharde dans le doigt;
    ∎ a ham stuck with cloves un jambon piqué de clous de girofle;
    ∎ watch out! you almost stuck your umbrella in my eye! fais attention! tu as failli m'enfoncer ton parapluie dans l'œil!;
    ∎ he stuck his elbow in my ribs il m'a enfoncé son coude dans les côtes;
    ∎ she stuck the revolver in his back elle lui a enfoncé le revolver dans le dos;
    ∎ stick the skewer through the chicken enfilez le poulet sur la broche, embrochez le poulet
    (b) (put) mettre; (insert) insérer, mettre; familiar (put casually) mettre□, coller;
    ∎ stick the candles in the holders mettez les bougies dans les bougeoirs;
    ∎ he stuck a rose in his lapel il s'est mis une rose à la boutonnière;
    ∎ she stuck the cork in the bottle elle a enfoncé le bouchon dans le goulot de la bouteille;
    ∎ to stick a flower in one's hair piquer une fleur dans ses cheveux;
    ∎ here, stick this under the chair leg tenez, calez la chaise avec ça;
    ∎ he stuck his foot in the door il glissa son pied dans l'entrebâillement de la porte;
    ∎ he stood there with a cigar stuck in his mouth/with his hands stuck in his pockets il était planté là, un cigare entre les dents/les mains enfoncées dans les poches;
    ∎ he stuck the card back in the pack il a remis la carte dans le jeu;
    ∎ she stuck her head into the office/out of the window elle a passé la tête dans le bureau/par la fenêtre;
    ∎ I had to stick my fingers down my throat il a fallu que je me mette les doigts dans la bouche;
    ∎ familiar mix it all together and stick it in the oven mélange bien et mets-le au four□ ;
    ∎ familiar stick it in your pocket colle ça dans ta poche;
    ∎ familiar can you stick my name on the list? tu peux ajouter mon nom sur la liste?□ ;
    ∎ familiar he pulled out his gun and stuck it in my face il a sorti son revolver et me l'a collé sous le nez;
    ∎ very familiar you can stick your job/money! ton boulot/fric, tu peux te le mettre où je pense!;
    ∎ very familiar stick it! va te faire voir!
    (c) (fasten) fixer; (pin up) punaiser;
    ∎ she stuck the broom head on the handle elle a fixé la brosse à balai au manche;
    ∎ it was stuck on the notice-board with tacks c'était punaisé au tableau d'affichage
    ∎ to stick a stamp on an envelope coller un timbre sur une enveloppe;
    ∎ help me stick this vase together aide-moi à recoller le vase;
    ∎ he had posters stuck to the walls with Sellotape il avait scotché des posters aux murs;
    ∎ stick no bills (sign) défense d'afficher
    (e) (kill → pig) égorger
    (f) British familiar (tolerate) supporter□ ;
    ∎ I can't stick him je peux pas l'encadrer;
    ∎ I don't know how you've stuck it for so long je ne sais pas comment tu as fait pour supporter ça si longtemps;
    ∎ what I can't stick is her telling me how to run my life ce que je ne peux pas encaisser c'est qu'elle me dise comment je dois mener ma vie;
    ∎ I'm amazed she stuck a term, let alone three years je suis étonné qu'elle ait tenu (le coup) un trimestre, et à plus forte raison trois ans
    (g) familiar (with chore, burden)
    ∎ to stick sb with a fine/the blame coller une amende/faire endosser la responsabilité□ à qn
    (h) American familiar (give injection to) faire une piqûre à□, piquer□
    (a) (be embedded → arrow, dart, spear) se planter;
    ∎ you'll find some tacks already sticking in the notice-board vous trouverez quelques punaises déjà plantées dans le tableau d'affichage;
    ∎ the point was sticking through the lining la pointe avait percé la doublure;
    ∎ don't leave the spade sticking in the ground ne laisse pas la pelle plantée dans le sol;
    ∎ they had straw sticking in their hair ils avaient des brins de paille dans les cheveux
    (b) (attach, adhere → wet clothes, bandage, chewing gum) coller; (→ gummed label, stamp) tenir, coller; (→ burr) s'accrocher;
    ∎ the dough stuck to my fingers la pâte collait à mes doigts;
    ∎ the damp has made the stamps stick together l'humidité a collé les timbres les uns aux autres;
    ∎ the dust will stick to the wet varnish la poussière va coller sur le vernis frais;
    ∎ her shirt stuck to her back elle avait la chemise collée au dos;
    ∎ a butterfly had stuck to the flypaper un papillon était venu se coller au papier tue-mouches;
    ∎ these badges stick to any surface ces autocollants adhèrent sur toutes les surfaces;
    ∎ food won't stick to these pans ces casseroles n'attachent pas;
    ∎ the noodles had got all stuck together les nouilles avaient collé ou étaient toutes collées;
    ∎ British familiar have some porridge! that'll stick to your ribs! prends du porridge, ça tient au corps!
    (c) (become jammed, wedged → mechanism, drawer, key) se coincer, se bloquer;
    ∎ the lorry stuck fast in the mud le camion s'est complètement enlisé dans la boue;
    ∎ this drawer keeps sticking ce tiroir n'arrête pas de se coincer ou de se bloquer;
    ∎ a fishbone stuck in my throat j'avais une arête (de poisson) coincée dans la gorge;
    ∎ figurative it stuck in my throat ça m'est resté en travers de la gorge;
    ∎ having to ask him for a loan really sticks in my throat ça me coûte vraiment d'avoir à lui demander de me prêter de l'argent;
    ∎ the words stuck in his throat les mots lui restèrent dans la gorge
    (d) (remain, keep) rester;
    ∎ they called him Boney as a child and the name stuck quand il était petit, on le surnommait Boney et le nom lui est resté;
    ∎ she has the kind of face that sticks in your memory elle a un visage qu'on n'oublie pas ou dont on se souvient;
    ∎ dates just never stick in my head je n'ai vraiment pas la mémoire des dates
    ∎ we know he's guilty, but will the charge stick? nous savons qu'il est coupable, mais est-ce qu'un tribunal le condamnera□ ?;
    ∎ to make the charge or charges stick prouver la culpabilité de qn□ ;
    ∎ the important thing now is to make the agreement stick ce qui compte maintenant, c'est de faire respecter l'accord□
    ∎ (I) stick j'arrête, je ne veux pas d'autre carte;
    ∎ the dealer must stick on or with seventeen le donneur doit s'arrêter à dix-sept
    ∎ familiar the sticks la cambrousse;
    ∎ they live out in the sticks ils habitent en pleine cambrousse
    ►► stick bean haricot m à rames;
    stick deodorant déodorant m en stick;
    stick figure personnage m stylisé;
    stick insect phasme m;
    American Cars stick shift levier m de vitesse;
    ∎ I don't know how to drive a stick shift je ne sais pas conduire une voiture à vitesses manuelles
    familiar (stay) rester (dans les parages); (wait) attendre□ ;
    ∎ stick around if you want, she'll be back in a little while tu peux rester si tu veux, elle ne va pas tarder à rentrer;
    ∎ I'm not sticking around a moment longer! je n'attendrai pas une minute de plus!
    ∎ to stick at it perséverer
    ∎ to stick at nothing ne reculer ou n'hésiter devant rien;
    ∎ she'll stick at nothing to get her way elle ne reculera devant rien pour parvenir à ses fins
    familiar (put away) ranger□ ; (hide) planquer
    (a) (person) soutenir;
    ∎ don't worry, I'll always stick by you sois tranquille, je serai toujours là pour te soutenir
    (b) (one's decision) s'en tenir à;
    ∎ I stick by what I said je maintiens ce que j'ai dit
    (a) (flap, envelope) coller
    (b) British familiar (note down) noter□ ; (scribble) griffonner□
    (c) familiar (place) coller;
    ∎ stick the box down in the corner colle le carton dans le coin;
    ∎ he stuck the plate down in front of me il a collé l'assiette devant moi
    (flap, envelope) (se) coller
    (a) (nail, knife, spear) planter, enfoncer; (needle) piquer, enfoncer; (pole, shovel) enfoncer, planter;
    ∎ he stuck the knife all the way in il a enfoncé le couteau jusqu'au bout ou jusqu'à la garde;
    ∎ she stuck the knife in again and again elle donna plusieurs coups de couteau
    (b) (insert → coin, bank card) insérer; (→ electric plug) brancher; (→ cork, sink plug) enfoncer; (→ word, sentence) ajouter;
    ∎ it's simple, just stick the key in and turn c'est très simple, il suffit d'insérer la clé et de tourner;
    ∎ I stuck my hand in to test the water temperature j'ai plongé la main pour vérifier la température de l'eau;
    ∎ he stuck his head in through the door il passa la tête par la porte;
    ∎ she's stuck in a lot of footnotes to give weight to her thesis elle a ajouté un tas de notes pour donner du poids à sa thèse
    (c) (glue in) coller;
    ∎ there's not enough space to stick in all these stamps/photos il ne reste pas assez de place pour coller tous ces timbres/toutes ces photos
    (a) (dart, arrow, spear) se planter;
    ∎ if the javelin doesn't stick in the throw doesn't count si le javelot ne se plante pas, le jet ne compte pas;
    ∎ the last dart failed to stick in la dernière fléchette n'est pas restée plantée
    ∎ stick in there! tenez bon!
    (a) (fasten on → gummed badge, label, stamp) coller; (→ china handle) recoller; (→ broom head) fixer
    (b) familiar (jacket, boots) enfiler□ ;
    ∎ he hurriedly stuck a hat on il s'est collé en vitesse un chapeau sur la tête
    coller, se coller;
    ∎ the stamp won't stick on le timbre ne colle pas;
    ∎ the patch sticks on when ironed la pièce se colle au tissu quand on la repasse
    (a) (extend → hand, leg) tendre, allonger; (→ feelers, head) sortir;
    ∎ to stick one's tongue out (at sb) tirer la langue (à qn);
    ∎ he stuck his foot out to trip me up il a allongé la jambe pour me faire un croche-pied;
    ∎ I opened the window and stuck my head out j'ai ouvert la fenêtre et j'ai passé la tête au dehors;
    ∎ to stick one's chest out bomber le torse;
    ∎ to stick out one's lower lip faire la moue
    ∎ to stick it out tenir le coup jusqu'au bout
    (a) (protrude → nail, splinter) sortir; (→ teeth) avancer; (→ plant, shoot) pointer; (→ ledge, balcony) être en saillie;
    ∎ his belly stuck out over his belt son ventre débordait au-dessus de sa ceinture;
    ∎ her ears stick out elle a les oreilles décollées;
    ∎ her teeth stick out elle a les dents qui avancent;
    ∎ my feet stuck out over the end of the bed mes pieds dépassaient du lit;
    ∎ the front of the car stuck out of the garage l'avant de la voiture dépassait du garage;
    ∎ his ticket was sticking out of his pocket son billet sortait ou dépassait de sa poche;
    ∎ one leg was sticking out of the sheets une jambe dépassait de sous les draps;
    ∎ only her head was sticking out of the water seule sa tête sortait ou émergeait de l'eau
    (b) (be noticeable → colour) ressortir;
    ∎ the red Mercedes really sticks out on ne voit que la Mercedes rouge;
    ∎ I don't like to stick out in a crowd je n'aime pas me singulariser ou me faire remarquer;
    ∎ it's her accent that makes her stick out c'est à cause de son accent qu'on la remarque;
    ∎ it sticks out a mile c'est clair comme le jour
    s'obstiner à vouloir, exiger;
    ∎ the union is sticking out for a five per cent rise le syndicat continue à revendiquer une augmentation de cinq pour cent;
    ∎ after sticking out for higher quotas, they had to settle for last year's levels après s'être battus pour obtenir une augmentation des quotas, ils ont dû se contenter de ceux de l'année dernière
    (a) (keep to → schedule) tenir, respecter; (→ plan) tenir;
    ∎ I can never stick to diets je n'arrive jamais à suivre un régime longtemps;
    ∎ we must stick to our plan nous devons continuer à suivre notre plan;
    ∎ once I make a decision I stick to it une fois que j'ai pris une décision, je m'y tiens ou je n'en démords pas;
    ∎ to stick to one's word or promises tenir (sa) parole;
    ∎ to stick to one's principles rester fidèle à ses principes;
    ∎ stick as close to the truth as possible restez aussi près que possible de la vérité
    ∎ I stick to what I said je maintiens ce que j'ai dit;
    ∎ she's still sticking to her story elle maintient ce qu'elle a dit;
    ∎ that's my story and I'm sticking to it c'est ma version et je m'y tiens
    (c) (restrict oneself to) s'en tenir à;
    ∎ stick to the point! ne vous éloignez pas du sujet!, tenez-vous en au sujet!;
    ∎ stick to the facts! tenez-vous-en aux faits!;
    ∎ can we stick to the business in hand? peut-être pourrions-nous revenir au sujet qui nous occupe?;
    ∎ to stick to the text serrer le texte de près;
    ∎ the author would be better off sticking to journalism l'auteur ferait mieux de se cantonner au journalisme
    ∎ to stick to one's post rester à son poste;
    ∎ he sticks to his room il ne sort pas de sa chambre;
    ∎ stick to the main road suivez la route principale
    ∎ stick close to the house restez près de la maison;
    ∎ his bodyguards stick close to him at all times ses gardes du corps l'accompagnent partout ou ne le quittent jamais d'une semelle;
    ∎ to stick to sb like glue se cramponner ou s'accrocher à qn, coller qn
    coller (ensemble)
    (a) (pages etc) être collé (ensemble)
    (b) (stay together → people) rester ensemble; figurative se serrer les coudes;
    ∎ we'd better stick together il vaut mieux que nous restions ensemble, il vaut mieux ne pas nous séparer;
    ∎ figurative we'll get through this bad patch if we stick together on sortira de cette mauvaise passe si on se serre les coudes
    (a) (sign, notice, poster) afficher; (postcard) coller; (with drawing pins) punaiser
    (b) (raise → pole) dresser;
    ∎ stick the target back up redressez la cible;
    ∎ to stick one's hand up lever la main;
    ∎ familiar stick `em up! haut les mains!
    (c) familiar (rob → person, bank, supermarket) braquer
    (point upwards → tower, antenna) se dresser; (→ plant shoots) pointer;
    ∎ I saw a chimney sticking up in the distance j'ai vu une cheminée qui se dressait au loin;
    ∎ the antenna was sticking straight up l'antenne se dressait toute droite;
    ∎ a branch was sticking up out of the water une branche sortait de l'eau;
    ∎ his hair's sticking up il est ébouriffé
    ∎ to stick up for sb prendre la défense ou le parti de qn;
    ∎ stick up for yourself! ne te laisse pas faire!;
    ∎ she can stick up for herself elle peut se défendre toute seule;
    ∎ he has trouble sticking up for himself/his rights il a du mal à défendre ses intérêts/à faire valoir ses droits
    (a) (activity, subject) s'en tenir à, persister dans;
    ∎ now I've started the job, I'm going to stick with it maintenant que j'ai commencé ce travail, je ne le lâche pas;
    ∎ I'm sticking with my old car for now je garde ma vieille voiture pour le moment
    ∎ stick with me, kid, and you'll be all right reste avec moi, petit, et tout ira bien

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > stick

  • 6 sketch

    I [sketʃ]
    1) (drawing, draft) schizzo m.; (hasty outline) abbozzo m.
    2) (comic scene) sketch m.
    3) (brief account) profilo m., descrizione f. sommaria

    character sketch of sb. — = ritratto o descrizione sintetica di una persona

    II 1. [sketʃ]
    1) (make drawing of) schizzare; (hastily) abbozzare
    2) (describe briefly) descrivere sommariamente, delineare [ story]
    2.
    verbo intransitivo (as art, hobby) fare schizzi
    * * *
    [ske ] 1. noun
    1) (a rough plan, drawing or painting: He made several sketches before starting the portrait.) schizzo, disegno
    2) (a short (written or spoken) account without many details: The book began with a sketch of the author's life.) profilo
    3) (a short play, dramatic scene etc: a comic sketch.) sketch, scenetta
    2. verb
    1) (to draw, describe, or plan without completing the details.) schizzare, abbozzare
    2) (to make rough drawings, paintings etc: She sketches as a hobby.) fare schizzi
    •
    - sketchily
    - sketchiness
    - sketch-book
    * * *
    [skɛtʃ]
    1. n
    1) (drawing) schizzo, abbozzo, (fig: rough draft: of ideas, plan) abbozzo, schema m, (description) schizzo
    2) Theatre etc, sketch m inv
    2. vt
    (draw) schizzare, abbozzare, (fig: ideas, plan) abbozzare
    •
    * * *
    sketch /skɛtʃ/
    n.
    1 schizzo; disegno; abbozzo; schema: a free-hand sketch, uno schizzo a mano libera; a charcoal sketch, uno schizzo a carboncino; a rough sketch, un primo abbozzo
    2 bozzetto; scenetta ( di teatro di varietà); sketch
    3 breve descrizione; breve e rapida trattazione; profilo: a biographical sketch, un profilo biografico; a thumbnail sketch, una descrizione sommaria
    4 (fam.) tipo ridicolo; macchietta
    ● sketch-block = sketch pad ► sotto □ sketch map, mappa schematica □ sketch pad, album per schizzi; blocco da disegno □ sketch writer, bozzettista; (GB anche) cronista parlamentare □ sketch writing, bozzettistica □ to draw a sketch, buttar giù uno schizzo.
    (to) sketch /skɛtʃ/
    A v. t.
    1 schizzare; disegnare; abbozzare: to sketch a landscape, schizzare un paesaggio
    2 delineare; descrivere per sommi capi; abbozzare; tratteggiare: to sketch a plan, abbozzare un piano
    B v. i.
    ( arte) fare schizzi; fare bozzetti
    ● to go ( out) sketching, andare a fare degli schizzi (spec. del paesaggio).
    * * *
    I [sketʃ]
    1) (drawing, draft) schizzo m.; (hasty outline) abbozzo m.
    2) (comic scene) sketch m.
    3) (brief account) profilo m., descrizione f. sommaria

    character sketch of sb. — = ritratto o descrizione sintetica di una persona

    II 1. [sketʃ]
    1) (make drawing of) schizzare; (hastily) abbozzare
    2) (describe briefly) descrivere sommariamente, delineare [ story]
    2.
    verbo intransitivo (as art, hobby) fare schizzi

    English-Italian dictionary > sketch

  • 7 show

    [ʃəu] 1. гл.; прош. вр. showed; прич. прош. вр. shown; showed

    He showed me the pictures of his family. — Он показал мне фотографии своей семьи.

    I've got a new toy I want to show you. — У меня есть новая игрушка, которую я хочу тебе показать.

    2) показывать, выявлять, устанавливать

    The survey showed that up to 90 per cent of big UK employers use part-time and temporary workers. — Опрос показал, что до 90 процентов крупных работодателей в Соединённом Королевстве используют совместителей и временных работников.

    These are important figures which show clearly what has been happening in the UK labour market. — Это важные цифры, которые ясно показывают, что происходит в последнее время на рынке рабочей силы в Великобритании и Северной Ирландии.

    3) показывать, объяснять; учить

    He showed us how to lasso. — Он показал нам, как нужно ловить арканом.

    4) показывать, указывать

    Many people showed us marks on walls where the waters reached. — Многие показывали нам отметки на стенах, которые оставила вода.

    5) показывать ( путь), провожать, сопровождать

    to show smb. round / around — сопровождать кого-л. во время осмотра

    He let me in and showed me the way to the sitting room. — Он впустил меня в дом и проводил в гостиную.

    He showed us to our seats. — Он проводил нас на наши места.

    I'll show you out. — Я вас провожу (к выходу).

    Ella showed her around the town. — Эльза показала ей местные достопримечательности.

    During her visit to Bangladesh in 1983 Her Majesty was shown around a children's clinic. — Во время визита в Бангладеш в 1983 Её Величество осмотрела детскую клинику.

    Show the doctor up when he comes. — Проводите доктора наверх, когда он придёт.

    6)
    а) проявлять, выказывать ( эмоции)

    The enemy showed no mercy. — Враги были беспощадны.

    Iran is showing its displeasure. — Иран выражает недовольство.

    If he was bitter, it did not show. — Возможно он обиделся, но не показывал виду.

    The world is showing concern over the invasion. — Мировое сообщество выражает озабоченность по поводу вторжения.

    The US showed its own goodwill by undertaking to withdraw their troops. — США продемонстрировали со своей стороны добрую волю, взяв обязательство вывести свои войска.

    б) проявляться, появляться (на лице; о негативных эмоциях)

    He was upset but never let it show. — Он был расстроен, но не показывал виду.

    Your grief is showing. — Ваше горе не скроешь.

    The fear they felt showed clearly in their faces. — Страх, который они чувствовали, был написан у них на лице.

    а) проявлять себя, оказываться

    He showed himself a harsh ruler. — Он оказался суровым правителем.

    He has shown himself willing to participate in the debate. — Он выразил желание принять участие в дебатах.

    Panic can show itself in many different ways. — Паника может проявляться по разному.

    Tact also shows itself in respecting what others hold dear. — Тактичность также проявляется в уважении к тому, что дорого другим.

    8)
    а) показывать, обнаруживать, выделять

    to show the signs of smth. — обнаруживать признаки чего-л.

    to show profit / loss — быть прибыльным, убыточным

    The bodies showed the signs of torture. — На телах были обнаружены следы пыток.

    The suit was showing the signs of wear. — Костюм выглядел поношенным.

    White carpet showed every mark. — На белом ковре было заметно каждое пятно.

    Сorporate America is showing the signs of recovery. — Появились признаки того, что американские корпорации выходят из кризиса.

    Two animals are thought to be incubating the disease but not showing symptoms. — Полагают, что у двух животных болезнь находится в инкубационном периоде, поэтому симптомы пока не заметны.

    The sector was showing only 0.5 per cent growth. — Рост в этом секторе составляет всего лишь 0,5%.

    The construction sector showed the biggest losses. — Строительный сектор понёс самые большие убытки.

    б) выделяться, виднеться, обнаруживаться

    Don't worry, the stain will never show. — Не переживайте, пятно будет незаметно.

    My dandruff is showing. — Перхоть у меня на волосах - заметна.

    Then hammer them in so that only the top 6 inches (15cm) is showing. — А затем вбейте их так, чтобы виднелась только верхушка – 6 дюймов (15 см).

    Mike was in the water, his red life-jacket showing clearly. — Майк был в воде, его красный спасательный жилет был хорошо заметен.

    9) = show through проступать, быть заметным; просвечивать

    The bra showed through (the blouse). — Бюстгальтер просвечивал (через блузку).

    The old dog was so thin that his bones showed through (his skin). — Старая собака была такой тощей, что сквозь кожу проступали кости.

    She spoke near-perfect American, though occasionally her native Welsh accent showed through. — Она говорила на американском английском почти идеально, её родной валлийский акцент проскальзывал лишь иногда.

    10) показывать, предъявлять ( документ)

    I showed my driver's license to the policeman. — Я показал полцейскому свои права.

    11)
    а) показывать, отмечать, регистрировать ( о приборе)

    The luminous dial on the clock showed five minutes to seven. — Светящийся циферблат часов показывал, что сейчас без пяти семь.

    б) отмечаться, регистрироваться ( прибором), виднеться ( на экране)

    My test score showed on the screen. — На экране появился результат моего теста (сколько очков я набрала).

    12) показывать, изображать

    The photo shows the American and Soviet leaders standing side by side on the lawn of the White House. — На фото изображены лидеры США и СССР, стоящие рядом на лужайке перед Белым домом.

    13)
    а) показывать, играть, давать (пьесу, фильм)

    William showed us the video of his wedding. — Вильям показал нам видео своей свадьбы.

    Most cinemas will not show NC-17 films. — Большинство кинотеатров отказываются демонстрировать фильмы категории "Эн-Си-17" (зрители до 17 лет не допускаются).

    It was the first film shown at Radio City Music Hall. — Это был первый фильм, который показали в киноконцертном зале "Рэдио-сити".

    б) идти (о пьесе, фильме)

    There's J.B. Priestley's classic drama showing at the Garrick Theatre. — В театре «Гаррик» идёт классическая драма Джона Бойтона Пристли.

    14)
    а) выставлять; предлагать для продажи

    The Royal Academy is showing Pissarro. — В Королевской академии искусств идёт выставка работ французского художника Камиля Писсаро.

    б) выставляться; предлагаться для продажи

    An exhibition of paintings and charcoal drawings by Georgia O'Keeffe is showing at the Hayward Gallery. — В галерее Хейуарда идёт выставка Джорджии О'Киф: картины и графика.

    15) = show up появляться, приходить

    He failed to show for the opening game of the season. — Он не появился на игре, открывшей сезон.

    16) юр. представлять
    17) амер. финишировать третьим или одним из первых трёх ( о лошади на скачках)
    18) зарегистрировать ( лошадь) для участия в соревнованиях
    19) брит.; разг. быть на последних сроках беременности
    •
    - show up
    ••

    to show (smb.) a clean pair of heels — дать стрекоча, дать тягу, улепётывать

    to show smb. who's boss — показать, кто главный

    to show promise — подавать надежды, свидетельствовать о таланте

    to show smb. the ropes — ввести кого-л. в курс дела

    - show one's hand
    - show a leg
    - show smb. the door
    - show one's face     2. сущ.
    1)
    а) спектакль; шоу, представление; показ; выставка

    horse show — выставка лошадей, конноспортивный праздник

    motor / auto show — автосалон, автомобильный салон; автомобильная выставка

    ice show — эстрадное представление на льду; балет на льду, ревю

    variety show — варьете, эстрадное представление, эстрадный концерт

    minstrel show амер. — шоу менестрелей (жанр развлекательных представлений, распространённый в середине 19 века)

    to do / produce / put on / stage a show — ставить спектакль

    to see / watch a show — смотреть спектакль

    Let's go to a show. — Пойдёмте в театр.

    I enjoyed the show immensely. — Мне очень понравился спектакль.

    The show starts at 7.30 p.m. — Представление начинается в половине восьмого вечера.

    б) телевизионная или радио программа

    chat show брит. / talk show амер. — тлв. ток-шоу

    game show — телеигра, телевизионная игра

    2)
    а) показ, показывание, демонстрация

    She was frightened by any show of affection. — Любые знаки внимания отпугивали её.

    Syn:
    б) видимость, притворство

    only a show of kindness / regret — только видимость доброго отношения, сожаления

    I made a show of believing her. — Я сделал вид, что верю ей.

    He was making a show of working while actually doing very little. — Он изображал, что работает, хотя в действительности почти ничего не делал.

    4) брит.; разг. посмешище

    Now, don't make a show of yourself. — Пожалуйста, не делай из себя посмешище.

    5)
    а) след, признак наличия

    There is a show of reason in it. — В этом есть какой-то смысл.

    Syn:
    б) физиол. предродовые воды
    7) разг. дело, предприятие; организованная активность

    to give away the show — выдать, разболтать секрет, проговориться; разболтать о недостатках (какого-л. предприятия)

    to run / boss the show — заправлять (чем-л.); хозяйничать

    8) спорт.; жарг. третье место на финише ( обычно в конных соревнованиях)
    9) амер.; разг. удобный случай или возможность проявить себя, показать свои силы; шанс

    Let's give him a show in spite of his background. — Давайте дадим ему (ещё один) шанс, несмотря на его происхождение.

    We must give the boy a good / fair show. — Надо дать парню возможность проявить себя.

    Syn:
    chance 1.
    10) воен.; жарг. операция, бой; заваруха
    ••

    to put up a good / poor show разг. — хорошо, плохо себя проявить

    Let's get this show on the road. разг. — Пора приниматься за работу.

    dog-and-pony show амер.; разг. — показуха

    - show of hands
    - for show

    Англо-русский современный словарь > show

  • 8 Riley, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1840 Halifax, England
    d. 15 July 1910 Harrogate, England
    [br]
    English steelmaker who promoted the manufacture of low-carbon bulk steel by the open-hearth process for tin plate and shipbuilding; pioneer of nickel steels.
    [br]
    After working as a millwright in Halifax, Riley found employment at the Ormesby Ironworks in Middlesbrough until, in 1869, he became manager of the Askam Ironworks in Cumberland. Three years later, in 1872, he was appointed Blast-furnace Manager at the pioneering Siemens Steel Company's works at Landore, near Swansea in South Wales. Using Spanish ore, he produced the manganese-rich iron (spiegeleisen) required as an additive to make satisfactory steel. Riley was promoted in 1874 to be General Manager at Landore, and he worked with William Siemens to develop the use of the latter's regenerative furnace for the production of open-hearth steel. He persuaded Welsh makers of tin plate to use sheets rolled from lowcarbon (mild) steel instead of from charcoal iron and, partly by publishing some test results, he was instrumental in influencing the Admiralty to build two naval vessels of mild steel, the Mercury and the Iris.
    In 1878 Riley moved north on his appointment as General Manager of the Steel Company of Scotland, a firm closely associated with Charles Tennant that was formed in 1872 to make steel by the Siemens process. Already by 1878, fourteen Siemens melting furnaces had been erected, and in that year 42,000 long tons of ingots were produced at the company's Hallside (Newton) Works, situated 8 km (5 miles) south-east of Glasgow. Under Riley's leadership, steelmaking in open-hearth furnaces was initiated at a second plant situated at Blochairn. Plates and sections for all aspects of shipbuilding, including boilers, formed the main products; the company also supplied the greater part of the steel for the Forth (Railway) Bridge. Riley was associated with technical modifications which improved the performance of steelmaking furnaces using Siemens's principles. He built a gasfired cupola for melting pig-iron, and constructed the first British "universal" plate mill using three-high rolls (Lauth mill).
    At the request of French interests, Riley investigated the properties of steels containing various proportions of nickel; the report that he read before the Iron and Steel Institute in 1889 successfully brought to the notice of potential users the greatly enhanced strength that nickel could impart and its ability to yield alloys possessing substantially lower corrodibility.
    The Steel Company of Scotland paid dividends in the years to 1890, but then came a lean period. In 1895, at the age of 54, Riley moved once more to another employer, becoming General Manager of the Glasgow Iron and Steel Company, which had just laid out a new steelmaking plant at Wishaw, 25 km (15 miles) south-east of Glasgow, where it already had blast furnaces. Still the technical innovator, in 1900 Riley presented an account of his experiences in introducing molten blast-furnace metal as feed for the open-hearth steel furnaces. In the early 1890s it was largely through Riley's efforts that a West of Scotland Board of Conciliation and Arbitration for the Manufactured Steel Trade came into being; he was its first Chairman and then its President.
    In 1899 James Riley resigned from his Scottish employment to move back to his native Yorkshire, where he became his own master by acquiring the small Richmond Ironworks situated at Stockton-on-Tees. Although Riley's 1900 account to the Iron and Steel Institute was the last of the many of which he was author, he continued to contribute to the discussion of papers written by others.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute 1893–5. Vice-President, Iron and Steel Institute, 1893–1910. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1887.
    Bibliography
    1876, "On steel for shipbuilding as supplied to the Royal Navy", Transactions of the Institute of Naval Architects 17:135–55.
    1884, "On recent improvements in the method of manufacture of open-hearth steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 2:43–52 plus plates 27–31.
    1887, "Some investigations as to the effects of different methods of treatment of mild steel in the manufacture of plates", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:121–30 (plus sheets II and III and plates XI and XII).
    27 February 1888, "Improvements in basichearth steel making furnaces", British patent no. 2,896.
    27 February 1888, "Improvements in regenerative furnaces for steel-making and analogous operations", British patent no. 2,899.
    1889, "Alloys of nickel and steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:45–55.
    Further Reading
    A.Slaven, 1986, "James Riley", in Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography 1860–1960, Volume 1: The Staple Industries (ed. A.Slaven and S. Checkland), Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 136–8.
    "Men you know", The Bailie (Glasgow) 23 January 1884, series no. 588 (a brief biography, with portrait).
    J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Harvard University Press (contains an excellent summary of salient events).
    JKA

    Biographical history of technology > Riley, James

  • 9 Senefelder, Alois

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 6 November 1771 Prague, Bohemia (now Czech Republic)
    d. 26 February 1834 Munich, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of lithography.
    [br]
    Soon after his birth, Senefelder's family moved to Mannheim, where his father, an actor, had obtained a position in the state theatre. He was educated there, until he gained a scholarship to the university of Ingolstadt. The young Senefelder wanted to follow his father on to the stage, but the latter insisted that he study law. He nevertheless found time to write short pieces for the theatre. One of these, when he was 18 years old, was an encouraging success. When his father died in 1791, he gave up his studies and took to a new life as poet and actor. However, the wandering life of a repertory actor palled after two years and he settled for the more comfortable pursuit of playwriting. He had some of his work printed, which acquainted him with the art of printing, but he fell out with his bookseller. He therefore resolved to carry out his own printing, but he could not afford the equipment of a conventional letterpress printer. He began to explore other ways of printing and so set out on the path that was to lead to an entirely new method.
    He tried writing in reverse on a copper plate with some acid-resisting material and etching the plate, to leave a relief image that could then be inked and printed. He knew that oily substances would resist acid, but it required many experiments to arrive at a composition of wax, soap and charcoal dust dissolved in rainwater. The plates wore down with repeated polishing, so he substituted stone plates. He continued to etch them and managed to make good prints with them, but he went on to make the surprising discovery that etching was unnecessary. If the image to be printed was made with the oily composition and the stone moistened, he found that only the oily image received the ink while the moistened part rejected it. The printing surface was neither raised (as in letterpress printing) nor incised (as in intaglio printing): Senefelder had discovered the third method of printing.
    He arrived at a workable process over the years 1796 to 1799, and in 1800 he was granted an English patent. In the same year, lithography (or "writing on stone") was introduced into France and Senefelder himself took it to England, but it was some time before it became widespread; it was taken up by artists especially for high-quality printing of art works. Meanwhile, Senefelder improved his techniques, finding that other materials, even paper, could be used in place of stone. In fact, zinc plates were widely used from the 1820s, but the name "lithography" stuck. Although he won world renown and was honoured by most of the crowned heads of Europe, he never became rich because he dissipated his profits through restless experimenting.
    With the later application of the offset principle, initiated by Barclay, lithography has become the most widely used method of printing.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1911, Alois Senefelder, Inventor of Lithography, trans. J.W.Muller, New York: Fuchs \& Line (Senefelder's autobiography).
    Further Reading
    W.Weber, 1981, Alois Senefelder, Erfinder der Lithographie, Frankfurt-am-Main: Polygraph Verlag.
    M.Tyman, 1970, Lithography 1800–1950, London: Oxford University Press (describes the invention and its development; with biographical details).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Senefelder, Alois

  • 10 нажечь

    несовер. - нажигать;
    совер. - нажечь (кого-л./что-л.;
    чего-л.)
    1) (готовить пережиганием): нажигать древесного угля ≈ to make/burn a quantity of charcoal
    2) (сжигать) burn ()
    3) (о солнце) burn
    сов. (рд., вн.), (какое-то количество) burn* (a quantity of).

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > нажечь

  • 11 нажигать

    несовер. - нажигать;
    совер. - нажечь( кого-л./что-л.;
    чего-л.)
    1) (готовить пережиганием): нажигать древесного угля ≈ to make/burn a quantity of charcoal
    2) (сжигать) burn ()
    3) (о солнце) burn

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > нажигать

См. также в других словарях:

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  • charcoal drawing —  use of charred sticks of wood to make finished drawings and preliminary studies. The main characteristic of charcoal as a medium is that, unless it is fixed by the application of some form of gum or resin, it is impermanent, easily erased or… …   Universalium

  • charcoal — noun … OF CHARCOAL ▪ lump, piece VERB + CHARCOAL ▪ make, produce ▪ burn, use CHARCOAL + NOUN …   Collocations dictionary

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  • animal charcoal — Bone Bone (b[=o]n; 110), n. [OE. bon, ban, AS. b[=a]n; akin to Icel. bein, Sw. ben, Dan. & D. been, G. bein bone, leg; cf. Icel. beinn straight.] 1. (Anat.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate animals, consisting very largely …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • To make no bones — Bone Bone (b[=o]n; 110), n. [OE. bon, ban, AS. b[=a]n; akin to Icel. bein, Sw. ben, Dan. & D. been, G. bein bone, leg; cf. Icel. beinn straight.] 1. (Anat.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate animals, consisting very largely …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Barbecue grill — This article is about the cooking appliance and should not be confused with the noun Barbecue . For other uses, see Restaurant. Food cooking on a charcoal grill A barbecue grill is a device for cooking food by applying heat directly from below.… …   Wikipedia

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